Caswell, a speaker at the annual conference of the Cosmetic Physicians Society of Australasia, said 40-year-old Kidman was "a bit too wrinkle-free for an Australian of her skin tone."

"She was using a little too much, especially in the forehead," Caswell said. "Obviously she's not at the moment because she's pregnant, and the photos show a lot more expression in her face now."

Jenny O'Dea, a University of Sydney academic, said the 300 million Australian dollars (US$279 million) spent on Botox and similar treatments showed an industry that preyed on women's poor body image and low self-esteem.

"I think this just feeds the whole idea that a woman can never be good enough," O'Dea said.

Noted Vancouver cosmetic physician Martin Braun, who also addressed the conference, said Kidman was actually bad for business because Botox treatments left her looking "frozen and strange."

"That's really doing nothing to help our job because we've got women coming to us saying that's what we don't want to look like," Braun told the Gold Coast gathering. "These people who have extraordinary amounts of money and fame are actually getting, in my opinion, poor medical advice."

Commenting on the results of the conference, Australian Psychological Society president-elect Bob Montgomery said many of those queuing up to lose their lines would come with more worries.

"A very large number of the people who set out to change what they think is some ugly feature in them are actually suffering from a psychological disorder," he said.