It was the third decapitation this year.
"This is revenge for what happened last night in Nakohn Nua," a message left at the mill said in reference to the village where the bomb went off, injuring no one, police said.
Nobody has claimed responsibility for the violence which has seen almost daily gun and bomb attacks in the former sultanate annexed by Buddhist Thailand a century ago.
Although the military-appointed government has embarked on a peace drive in the Malay-speaking region since it was appointed after a September coup ousted Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, the violence continues.
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