betes medication Avandia (rosiglitazone) taken over a lengthy period of time increases the risk of heart attack by 42 percent, a report released Tuesday said. It marks one of the first studies to look at how use for one year or longer of Avandia, in patients with type 2 diabetes, affects risk of heart attack, heart failure and mortality, according to authors of the study in the September 12 issue of the Journal of The American Medical Association (JAMA).