Facebook creates dual-class structure, but no public offering

The dual-class structure is what Google Inc.'s founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, created to keep voting control over that company before it went public in 2004. Google's Class B shares, owned by Page, Brin, CEO Eric Schmidt and some directors, hold 10 times the voting power as its regular, Class A stock.

In a statement, Facebook Inc. said the company introduced the stock structure because its existing shareholders wanted to keep control when voting on issues it faces. The company didn't say which executives and employees would get the shares with the higher voting power. The Wall Street Journal, citing unnamed sources, said Facebook was converting the shares of all its current stockholders into Class B shares that, like Google's, hold 10 times the voting power of Class A stock.

That would be a departure from Google's decision to keep such shares in the hands of a few top executives — something for which the search company has been criticized.

Dual-class structures aren't limited to high-tech companies. The New York Times Co., among others, has one to give control to the Ochs-Sulzberger family even though its members own only one-fifth of the newspaper company.

Creating a class of shares with more voting power and keeping those shares in the hands of founders and employees can potentially allow a company to take more risks even at the expense of short-term investors, said Standard & Poor's equity analyst Scott Kessler, who has followed Google since its IPO.

Both Google and Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway Inc., another company with a dual-class stock structure, take a long-term view of their business and isn't always seen as friendly to investors, he added.

For example, neither company has ever split its stock: Google's shares closed Tuesday at US$583.09, while Berkshire's was at US$102,700. A stock split makes a company's shares cheaper, opening them to more investors, even those who could simply looking to make a quick buck.

“They want to promote and preserve true long-term holders of the stock,” Kessler said.

Facebook's chief operating officer, Sheryl Sandberg, worked at Google when that company went public. Facebook, which is based in Palo Alto, California, has lured other employees from Google as well.

Facebook, which has more than 300 million users, has raised more than US$600 million from investors since it was founded more than five years ago. Its most recent infusion came this spring from Russian Internet investor Digital Sky Technologies, which invested US$200 million in exchange for a 2 percent stake in the company, valuing Facebook at US$10 billion.

It was not clear which class of stock Facebook would use if it uses stock to buy other companies in the future.

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